l Publication and scientific writing standards l ISO 690 | APA 7 | MLA 9
Correction académique post-bac l Articles scientifiques l Transcription
l Publication and scientific writing standards l ISO 690 | APA 7 | MLA 9
Page layout (non-standard)
Font: Times New Roman 12 or equivalent
Line spacing: 1.5 or double
Margins: 2.5 cm
Alignment: Left
Author-date system in the text:
(Durand 2025)
(Durand and Arnaud 2025)
(Durand et al. 2025)
Direct quotation:
author, date, page in parentheses
Example: “quotation” (Durand 2025, p. 84).
Numerical system in the text:
[1], [2], [3], numbers assigned according to the order of appearance
Example: quotation [1].
Title: Bibliography or References
Order: alphabetical (author-date)
author's first name, last name in capital letters
Book and e-book:
Paper reference format: Author's last name, first name. Title. Place of publication: publisher, year. ISBN.
Digital reference format: Author's last name, first name. Title [online]. Place of publication: publisher, year. Available at: URL (accessed DD MM YY).
Examples: Durand, Jean. Methodology. Paris: Les Éditions, 2025. ISBN.*
Durand, Jean. Methodology [online]. Paris: Les Éditions, 2025. Available at: www.jeandurand.fr:ift54=eo (accessed September 2, 2025)
Paper and online article:
Format: Author's last name, first name. “Article Title”. Journal Title, DD MM YY, pages (newspaper), volume, number, year, pages (scientific article) or Title [online]. Place of publication, author, year. Available at: DOI (accessed DD MM YY). Examples: Durand, Jean. "Methodology." Review of Sciences, 16, no. 2, 2025, pp. 101-108.
Example: Durand, Jean. Methodology [online]. Paris: Review of Sciences, 2025. Available at: https://www.rds.fr/67.shsj (accessed September 2, 2025).
Thesis and dissertation:
Format: Author's last name, first name. Title. Doctoral dissertation. University name, year.
Example: DURAND, Jean. Methodology. Doctoral dissertation. Paris-Diderot University, 2025.
Conference:
Format: Author. Title. In: Conference title, city, date.
Example: DURAND, Jean. Methodology. In: International Conference of Paris, Paris, September 2-3, 2025.
Technical document:
Format: Standard. Title of the standard. Number, year.
Example: ISO. Information and documentation - Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources. ISO 690:2010. 2010.
Legal document (law, decree):
Format: Title of the document, law or decree number, date.
Example: Law No. 2025-06 of January 10, 2025 concerning (...).
Multimedia (CD/DVD):
Format: Author/performer. Title. Format, city: publisher, year.
Example: BEETHOVEN, Ludwig van. Symphony No. 5. CD, Paris: EMI, 1983.
Website:
Format: Last name, first name. Page title [online]. Available at: URL (accessed DD MM YY).
Example: Durand, Jean. Methodology [online]. Available at: www.jeandurand.fr:gfgg54=7gf (accessed September 2, 2025).
Video:
Format: Author. Title [online]. Platform. URL (accessed DD MM YY).
Example: Durand, Jean. Methodology [online]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/56gfdt?f=a76 (accessed September 2, 2025).
Formatting
Font: Times New Roman 12, Arial 11, Calibri 11, Georgia 11
Double spacing
2.54 cm margins
Left alignment
No spacing after paragraphs
Page numbers, top right
Title Page
Title centered and in bold
Autor
Institution
Teacher
Submission date
Indirect citation:
1 author: (Durand, 2025)
2 authors: (Durand & Arnaud, 2025)
3 or more authors: (Durand et al., 2025)
Short direct quote (less than 40 words):
author, date, quote, page: According to Durand (2025), "quote" (p. 84).
Long direct quote (40 words or more):
Block quote
No quotation marks
Indented from the left
References, centered and in bold
Alphabetical order
Hanging indent, second line indented
Double spacing
Book:
Format: Author, (Year). Title. Publisher.
Examples: Durand, J. (2025). Methodology. Les Éditions.
Durand, J., Henri, R., & Collins A. (2025). Methodology. Les Éditions.
Print and online article:
Format: Author (Year). Article title. Journal title, volume, issue, pages. DOI.
Example: Durand, J. (2025). Methodology. Journal of Science, 16 (2), 101–108. https://www.rds.fr/67.shsj.
Thesis and Dissertation:
Format: Author's last name, first name (year). Title (degree). Name of university.
Example: DURAND, Jean (2025). Methodology (doctoral thesis). Paris-Diderot University.
Institutional document:
Author. (Year). Title. Publisher or URL.
Example: European Commission. (2023). Digital Markets Act. https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu.
Website:
Format: Author. (DD MM YY). Page title. Website. URL
Example: Durand, J.. (March 8, 2025). Methodology. Jean Durand. www.jeandurand.fr:gfgg54=7gf.
Video:
Format: Author [Uploader]. (YYYY, MM DD). Title [Video]. Platform. URL.
Example: Durand, J. [DurandJ]. (June 4, 2025). Methodology [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/56gfdt?f=a76.
Formatting
Font: Times New Roman 12
Double spacing
2.54 cm margins
Left alignment
Pagination, top right with last name
First page (title page not mandatory)
Author
Teacher
Course Title
Date
Title of the work, centered, not bold
Indirect citation:
1 author + page reference: (Durand 84)
2 authors + page reference: (Durand and Arnaud 84)
+3 authors + page reference: (Dupont et al. 84)
Short direct quotation:
author, quotation and page in parentheses
Example: According to Durand, “quotation” (84).
Long direct quotation (more than 4 lines):
block quote
left indentation
without quotation marks
Title: Works Cited
Alphabetical order
Hanging indent
Double spacing
Book:
Format: Last name, First name. Title. Publisher, year.
Example: Durand, Jean. Methodology. Les Éditions, 2025.
Print article and online article:
Format: Last name, First name. “Article Title”. Journal Title, volume, number, year, pages. DOI or URL.
Example: Durand, Jean. “Methodology”. Journal of Sciences, vol. 16, no. 2, 2025, pp. 101–108. https://www.rds.fr/67.shsj.
Website:
Format: Author. “Page Title". Website Name, (publisher), date, URL.
Example: Durand Jean. “Methodology”. Jean Durand, 2025, www.jeandurand.fr:gfgg54=7gf.
Video:
Format: Author. “Title”. Platform, publisher, DD MM YY of publication, URL.
Example: Durand, Jean. “Methodology”. YouTube, DurandJ, June 4, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/56gfdt?f=a76.
Quotation without translation:
in quotation marks
the reference is in parentheses after the quotation (author, year, page)
Quotation with translation:
the original is in quotation marks
the translation is in square brackets or in a footnote
or
the quotation is in French
the original language is mentioned in the reference (author, date, translated from English)
Bibliographic reference:
the reference is written in the original language of the cited document
In-text citation without translation:
in quotation marks
the reference follows the quotation and is in parentheses (author, year, page)
In-text citation with translation:
the original is in the text
the translation is in square brackets
or
the quotation is in French
the original language is mentioned in the reference (author, date, translated from English)
Short in-text citation with translation:
without quotation marks
the author is cited (according to Durand) and the year is in parentheses (2025)
Bibliographical reference:
the reference is written in the original language of the cited document
In-text citation without translation:
in quotation marks
the reference follows the quotation in parentheses (Durand 101)
In-text citation with translation:
the original is in quotation marks
the translation is in square brackets
or
the quotation is in French
the translation is mentioned in the reference (author, date, translation)
Short in-text citation with translation:
without quotation marks
the author is cited (according to Durand) and the page number is in parentheses at the end of the citation (101)
Bibliographic reference:
the reference is written in the original language of the cited document
* The titles are translated on this page but must appear in the bibliography in the original language of publication.
Your training unit's style guide and the publications of the standards-setting organizations remain your working tools for formatting your document. Links are provided below if you wish to consult them or verify a standard with its publisher.
International Organization for Standardization. ISO 690:2021 [online]. Vernier: ISO, 2021. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/72642.html.
American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition [online]. Washington: APA, 2020. Available at: https://www.apastyle.org/products.
Modern Language Association of America. MLA Handbook, 9th Edition. New York: MLA, 2021. ISBN 978-1-603-29351-8.
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